1
1.0
Dec 2, 2018
12/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
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Brief Summary. Suggestions: 1. The application for the invention is drawn up under all Rules of the PTO (history of the invention, detailed description with figures, claims, patent research, etc.). Inventor can add to it the terms of transfer, cost leasing or purchase. The application is posted on an open, widely known website (Google Patent, Archive.org, http://intellectualarchive.com, PTO or special web side) with free access, which puts the placement date. Give ordinary courts the...
Topics: Patenting, Impruving patenting, Innovation
98
98
Aug 7, 2011
08/11
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
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The author, in a series of previous articles, designed the AB Dome made of transparent thin film supported by a small additional air overpressure to cover a city or other important large installations or sub-regions. The AB Dome not only keeps the outside atmospheric conditions, such as inclement weather, away from the interior of the inflatable Dome, but can shield a city from radioactive dust, chemical, bacterial weapons and even partially from aviation and nuclear bombs. In present article...
Topics: Protection from damage nuclear station, Dome for city, blanket for city, greenhouse, regional...
2
2.0
Jul 31, 2018
07/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 2
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The author offers the new, small cheap electric impulse and cumulative thermonuclear reactors, which increases the temperature and pressure of its nuclear fuel by millions of times, reaches the required ignition stage and, ultimately, constant contained thermonuclear reaction. Electric Impulse and Cumulative AB Reactors contain several innovations to achieve its product. Chief among them in version one the electric thermonuclear reactors are using electric field voltage 50 ÷ 1000 kV (an...
Topics: Micro-thermonuclear reactor, Impulse thermonuclear reactor, electric thermonuclear reactor,...
26
26
Oct 3, 2014
10/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 26
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Textile storm surge barriers, sited at multiple locations, are literally extensions of the cityâs world famous urban fabricâanother manifestation of the dominance of the man-made city over local Nature. Textile Storm Surge Barriers (TSSB) are intended to preserve the City from North Atlantic Ocean hurricanes that cause sea waves impacting the densely populated and high-value real estate, instigating catastrophic, and possibly long-term, infrastructure and monetary losses. Complicating TSSB...
Topics: Protection of a city, area from flood.
4
4.0
Jan 21, 2019
01/19
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 4
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Controlled Artificial Nucleosyntheses and Electron Nuclear Reactor C&R, Alexander Bolonkin Abstract. By now,...
Topics: controlled nucleosyntheses, artificial nucleosyntheses, electron nuclear reactor.
34
34
Aug 9, 2014
08/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 34
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The basis of any Universe is energy. Energy may be positive or negative. Negative energy produces negative matter. Negative matter repels our (positive) matter. Using this effect the author offers a space propulsion system which allows reaching by space ship a speed close to light speed and to enable massive retrieval of extraterrestrial materials to construct works in space
Topics: Interstellar Flight, Interstellar propulsion, Negative energy, negative matter.
11
11
Mar 30, 2016
03/16
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 11
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Author offers some initial ideas about a cognitive construct of the Micro-World with allows to design a preon based Universe matching many qualities of the observable universe.. The main idea is that - the initial base must be very simple: two energy massless virtual particles (eners) and two reciprocity relations (interactions) between them. Author postulates: Two energy massless virtual particles can explain the main features of much of what we see including: mass, electrical...
Topics: Key words: microworld, preon, preon theory, virtual particles, fundamental interactions, Ener Model...
4
4.0
Feb 14, 2017
02/17
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 4
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For more 60 years scientists havewanted to reach confined, stable thermonuclear reaction state. They are using two main methods: ICF – Inertial Confinement Fusion and MCF – Magnetic Confinement Fusion. In ICF they have tried to heat a frozen thermonuclear fuel by highly compressing the reactive force of the fuel’s vaporized cover and tohold (confine) it by inertial forces of the fuel used. In MCF they heatrarefied plasma by electric current and hold it a relative long time by enshrouding...
Topics: Inertial Confinement Fusion, Thermonuclear reactor, inertialthermonuclear reactor, fuel pellet of...
8
8.0
Nov 9, 2016
11/16
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 8
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Article describes the Sources of Energy in Outer Solar System
Topics: Sources of energy, source of energy in space
112
112
Jan 26, 2012
01/12
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 112
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The current flight passenger-transport and cargo systems have reached the peak of their development. In the last 30 years there has been no increase in speed or reductions in trip costs. The transportation industry needs a revolutionary idea, which allows jumps in speed and delivery capability, and dramatic drops in trip price. The author offers a new idea in transportation in which trip (flight) time practically does not depend on distance, and vehicle load capability doubles and which has a...
Topics: air catapult transport, air kinetic transport, new passenger and cargo transport, catapult...
1
1.0
Apr 24, 2018
04/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
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It is contains the links to more then 250 publications of Alexander Bolonkin in 2007 - 2017.
Topics: Publications of Alexander Bolonkin, A. Bolonkin
44
44
Oct 3, 2014
10/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 44
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In this article the author provides new ideas, theory and computations for building with the current technology low cost magnetic suspended structures and motionless space stations up to 37,000 (geosynchronous orbit) kilometers of altitude. These structures (towers) can be used for launching of spaceships, radio, television, and communication transmissions, for tourism, scientific observation of the Earthâs surface, weather of the top atmosphere and military radiolocation. Main idea and...
Topics: suspended AB-structure, space tower, magnetic tower, geosynchronous tower, AB towers, motionless...
51
51
Jan 17, 2014
01/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 51
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Author offers a new method of getting electric energy from moving water. A special injector injects electrons into water. Water stream picks up the electrons and moves them in the direction of stream which is against the direction of electric field. At some distance from injector a unique grid acquires the electrons, thus charging and producing electricity. This method does not require, as does other water energy devices, strong dams, water turbines, or electric generators. The proposed water...
240
240
Feb 20, 2011
02/11
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
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Abstract Immortality is the most cherished dream and the biggest wish of any person. In book the author shows that the problem of immortality can be solved only by changing the biological human into an artificial form. Such an immortal person made of chips and super-solid material (the E-man, as was called in earlier author articles and book) will have incredible advantages in comparison to conventional people. An E-man will need no food, no dwelling, no air, no sleep, no rest, and no...
Topics: computer, future of humanity, 21st Century, non-biological civilization, immortality, AI
4
4.0
Jul 31, 2018
07/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 4
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Author researches, discusses and estimates the need parameters of launch systems the mini automatic probe for flight to the nearest star systems “Alpha-Centauri” and others. He shows that problem is very difficult for current and future technology. Launch requests gigantic energy, expensive equipment and large trip time. The conventional nuclear and thermonuclear on-board reactors cannot also solve this problem (Part 1). Author offers and researches three new possible perspective...
Topics: interstellar launch, interstellar flight, interstellar propulsion and generator systems, laser...
33
33
Oct 3, 2014
10/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 33
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Author offers a new method for delivery of an asteroid to Earth which is many times cheaper than conventional methods. In this method, kinetic energy is used not only for the braking apparatus but is also used to charge the apparatus energy storage. A small control parachute using the Earth atmosphere for braking the asteroid without high heating, delivers the asteroid to a given point and avoids damaging impact to Earth. Though it is not large, a light parachute decreases asteroid speed from...
Topics: Asteroid delivery to Earth, Atmospheric reentry, Space Ships, thermal protection of asteroid and...
1
1.0
Aug 30, 2018
08/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 1
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Author offers a new impulse beam hole thermonuclear reactor. Reactor has the following features: one has a power high-current pulse ion accelerator using the thermonuclear fuel (for example, Deuterium) as ions. Accelerator focuses the ion beam into very small focus. The very small fuel capsule covered by shell from heavy and strong elements. The shell has a small hole for fuel beam from accelerator. The capsule contains a solid fuel (example, LiD). The theory and computation give conditions...
Topics: Inertial Reactor, Impulse reactor, Beam reactor, Thermonuclear reactor, ICF reactor, AB reactor.
45
45
Jan 17, 2014
01/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 45
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Abstract Ground based, wind energy extraction systems have reached their maximum capability. The limitations of current designs are wind instability and high cost of installations. The wind energy industry is in need of revolutionary ideas to increase the capabilities of wind systems. This article suggests a revolutionary innovation which produces a dramatic increase in power per unit at a lower cost per unit of energy extracted and is independent of prevailing weather. The main innovation...
30
30
Oct 1, 2014
10/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 30
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In recent years of the 21st Century the author of this book and other scientists as well, have instigated and described many new ideas, researches, theories, macro-projects, USA and other countries patented concepts, speculative macro-engineering ideas, projects and other general innovations in technology and environment change. These all hold the enticing promise for a true revolution in the lives of humans everywhere in the Solar System. Here, the author includes and reviews new methods for...
Topics: Femtotechnoloty, revolutionary projects, space launch, review the new ideas
11
11
Apr 22, 2016
04/16
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 11
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Contains the List 5.2 of Bolonkin’s scientific researches, works, articles and books written or published in 2007-2015 and free links to them.
Topics: Bolonkin, Alexander Bolonkin, Bolonkin publication
223
223
Feb 8, 2011
02/11
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 223
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Abstract In recent years of the 21st Century the author of this book and other scientists as well, have instigated and described many new ideas, researches, theories, macro-projects, USA and other countries patented concepts, speculative macro-engineering ideas, projects and other general innovations in technology and environment change. These all hold the enticing promise for a true revolution in the lives of humans everywhere in the Solar System. Here, the author includes and reviews new...
Topics: New technology, revolutionary projects, femtotechnology, energy, space launchers, space flight
35
35
Jul 23, 2014
07/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 35
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In the past years the author and other scientists have published a series of new methods which promise to revolutionize space launching and flight. These include the cable accelerator, circle launcher and space keeper, space elevator transport system, space towers, kinetic towers, the gas-tube method, sling rotary method, asteroid employment, electromagnetic accelerator, tether system, Sun and magnetic sails, solar wind sail, radioisotope sail, electrostatic space sail, laser beam, kinetic...
Topics: Non-Rocket Space Launch, Non-Rocket Space Flight, Space Launch and Flight without Rocket
100
100
Jun 10, 2011
06/11
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 100
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Author offers and develops the theory of a new class of space wing electro ship. A biplane wing and an electric field between the wings characterize this space ship. The interstellar and interplanetary mediums contain charged protons and other charged particles. The winged space ship can produce the lift, thrust and drag forces. The density of the space medium is small (100 - 105 charged particles/cm3) but the high ship speed allows creating enough force for maneuvers, turning, acceleration and...
Topics: space wing electro apparatus, AB-space ship, flight into space medium, non-rocket space flight,...
69
69
Jul 12, 2013
07/13
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 69
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Electric Theory of Tornado. Protection from Tornado. By Alexander Bolonkin C&R, USA, abolonkin@juno.com Abstract The author develops a new theory of tornado stability. He show that it is the high electric voltage between clouds and ground surface which produces the intensive electron/ion flow which creates the air stream which sucks off (pumping) air...
Topics: Tornado, stability of tornado, protection from tornado, hurricane, Bolonkin.
1
1.0
Dec 2, 2018
12/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 1
favorite 0
comment 0
The paper considers the design of a powerful electric capacitor with a very small induction and resistance. Such capacitors are necessary in many branches of technology, when all the energy of a capacitor must be given out for millionths (10 -6 ) of a second to an object with low electrical resistance. The proposed capacitor allows you to reduce the installation of energy supply to a nuclear reactor and its cost a thousand times.
Topics: Low Inductive Capacitor, Low Resistance Capacitor, Energy Capacitor, Capacitor for Fusion Reactor.
22
22
Jul 8, 2015
07/15
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 22
favorite 0
comment 0
In last sixty years, the scientists spent the tens billion dollars attempting to develop useful thermonuclear energy. But they cannot yet reach a stable thermonuclear reaction. They still are promising publically, after another 15 – 20 years, and more tens of billions of US dollars to finally design the expensive workable industrial installation, which possibly will produce electric energy more expensive than current heat, wind and hydro-electric stations can in 2015. The author...
Topics: Micro-thermonuclear reactor, Cumulative AB-thermonuclear reactor, transportation thermonucler...
37
37
Jul 20, 2015
07/15
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 37
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comment 0
All scientists know well: to achieve nucleus fusion, a temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees is required. Only in this case, the kinetic energy of nucleus overcomes the repulsive electric force of nucleus and connects two initial nucleuses into a single nucleus. In the last sixty years, scientists have spent tens of billion US dollars attempting to develop useful thermonuclear fusion energy.Yet, today they still cannot reach a stable long-period thermonuclear reaction. They still...
Topics: Cold fusion, Ultra-cold thermonuclear fusion, Micro-thermonuclear reactor, AB-thermonuclear...
2
2.0
Jan 21, 2019
01/19
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 2
favorite 0
comment 0
The paper considers the design of a powerful electric capacitor with a very small induction and resistance. Such capacitors are necessary in many branches of technology, when all the energy of a capacitor must be given out for millionths (10 -6 ) of a second to an object with low electrical resistance. The proposed capacitor allows you to reduce the installation of energy supply to a nuclear reactor and its cost a thousand times.
Topics: Low Inductive Capacitor, Low Resistance Capacitor, Energy Capacitor, Capacitor for Fusion Reactor.
2
2.0
Aug 6, 2018
08/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 2
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comment 0
Conventional modern rocket has existed for more than a half century. However, there has been little or no significant progress in their basic data. They are very exceedingly complex and generally very expensive to build. Designers ordinarily try to improve them by simplifying in order to reduce the cost payload launches. They try to use the first stagy of rocket sometimes, because the rocket engine and body are expensive. But no significant success. The author offers a new type of rocket...
Topics: non-body rocket, unusual rocket, explosive rocket propulsion, AB rocket
2
2.0
Mar 1, 2019
03/19
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 2
favorite 0
comment 0
In the last sixty years, the government spent the tens billion dollars attempting to develop useful thermonuclear energy. However, they cannot yet reach a stable thermonuclear reaction. They still are promising publically, after another 15 – 20 years, and more tens of billions of US dollars to finally design the expensive workable industrial installation, which possibly will produce electric energy more expensive than current heat, wind and hydroelectric stations can in 2015. The...
Topics: Small Inertial Fusion reactor, Impulse thermonuclear reactor, electric thermonuclear reactor,...
62
62
Jan 1, 2015
01/15
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 62
favorite 0
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Memory of the Soviet political prisoner
Topics: Gulag, memory. communizm, Bolonkin
7
7.0
Nov 9, 2016
11/16
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 7
favorite 0
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This is Chapter 14 "Optimal Regulator" od book Optimization
Topics: Methods of Optimization, Optimization, Universal Optimization, Global Optimization
4
4.0
Mar 1, 2019
03/19
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 4
favorite 0
comment 0
In the last sixty years, the government spent the tens billion dollars attempting to develop useful thermonuclear energy. However, they cannot yet reach a stable thermonuclear reaction. They still are promising publically, after another 15 – 20 years, and more tens of billions of US dollars to finally design the expensive workable industrial installation, which possibly will produce electric energy more expensive than current heat, wind and hydroelectric stations can in 2015. The...
Topics: Small Inertial Fusion reactor, Impulse thermonuclear reactor, electric thermonuclear reactor,...
56
56
Jan 17, 2014
01/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 56
favorite 0
comment 0
High speed submarines and in particular torpedoes need new propulsion systems which allow the submarine to reach high speeds by cheaper and more efficient methods. Author offers a new propulsion system using electrons for acceleration of the water and having a high efficiency. As this system does not use a water propeller, it does not have the cavitation limitations of conventional water propeller systems. Offered engine can produce a thrust from a zero speed up to high speed. It can work in...
182
182
Jun 10, 2011
06/11
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 182
favorite 0
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Author offers collections from his previous research of the revolutionary new ideas: wireless transferring electric energy in long distance â from one continent to other continent through Earth ionosphere and storage the electric energy into ionosphere. Early he also offered the electronic tubes as the method of transportation of electricity into outer space and the electrostatic space 100 km towers for connection to Earth ionosphere. Early it is offered connection to Earth ionosphere by 100...
Topics: transferring of electricity in space, transfer of electricity to spaceship, Moon, Mars, plasma...
184
184
Jul 4, 2012
07/12
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 184
favorite 0
comment 0
This picks up on the authorâs early work of increasing range of the shells and bullets 2 â 5 times by including in its design small wings. The shell/bullet specially formed wings support the projectile in the air, does not allow it to fall in earthâs surface as the kinetic energy the projectile is not spent fighting the forces of gravity and air resistance. This is an important innovation as it can be used in conventional rifles and gun with rifled barrel and rotary shell/bullet. The second...
Topics: Wing projectile, wing shell, long distance shell, long distance bullet.
160
160
Feb 15, 2011
02/11
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 160
favorite 0
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Abstract At present, rockets are used for launches and flights into space. They have been intensively developed since World War II when the German engineer F. Von Braun designed the first long distance rocket FAU-2. In the subsequent 60 years liquid and solid rockets reached the peak of their development. Their main shortcomings are (1) very high cost of space launching $20,000 â 50,000/kg; (2) large fuel consumption; (3) fuel storage problems because the oxidizer and fuel (for example; oxygen...
Topics: Non-Rocket Space Launch, Non-Rocket Space Flight
42
42
Oct 3, 2014
10/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 42
favorite 0
comment 0
The author offers a new, cheap method for the extraction of freshwater from the Earthâs atmosphere. The suggected method is fundamentally dictinct from all existing methods that extract freshwater from air. All other industrial methods extract water from a saline water source (in most cases from seawater). This new method may be used at any point in the Earth except the Polar Zones. It does not require long-distance freshwater transportation. If seawater is not utilized for increasing its...
Topics: Extraction freshwater, method of getting freshwater, receiving energy from atmosphere, powerful...
1
1.0
Dec 2, 2018
12/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 1
favorite 0
comment 0
The author offers the new small reactor and method for getting a nuclear energy. Main idea is getting a high temperature by new high intensity opposed electric field and two opposed collision jets. Reactor has many innovations and can easy to get the high ignition temperature up 30 keV (350 million K), has enough fuel density (~6×10 28 1/m 3 ) and conformation (10 -6 sec) without the cryogenic, laser or magnetic systems. Author invited a new method for heating of plasma by a direct...
Topics: Fusion Reactor, Inercial Nuclear Reactor, Nuclear Reactor, Inercial Reactor
5
5.0
Jun 13, 2017
06/17
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 5
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comment 0
New macro-projects, concepts, ideas, methods, and innovations are explored here, but hardly developed. There remain many problems that must be researched, modeled, and tested before these summarized research ideas can be practically designed, built, and utilized—that is, fully developed and utilized. Most ideas in our book are described in the following way: 1) Description of current state in a given field of endeavor. A brief explanation of the idea researched, including its...
Topics: New ideas in space Launch, New ideas in space flight
75
75
Oct 3, 2014
10/14
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 75
favorite 0
comment 0
In recent years of the 21st Century the author of this book and other scientists as well, have instigated and described many new ideas, researches, theories, macro-projects, USA and other countries patented concepts, speculative macro-engineering ideas, projects and other general innovations in technology and environment change. These all hold the enticing promise for a true revolution in the lives of humans everywhere in the Solar System. Here, the author includes and reviews new methods for...
Topics: Femtotechnology, Aerospace Energy
1
1.0
Feb 3, 2018
02/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 1
favorite 0
comment 0
Short List 5.3s the publication of Alexander Bolonkin on 2 3 18
Topics: Publications of Bolonkin, Bolonkin's publications
1
1.0
Sep 2, 2018
09/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 1
favorite 0
comment 0
Short List 5.3s of publications Alexandra Bolonkin in 2007-2017.
Topics: Bolonkin Alexander publications, Bolomkin, Bolonkin publications in 2007-2017
89
89
Jul 19, 2012
07/12
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 89
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Author has developed a theory which allows derivation of the unknown relations between main parameters in a given field of nature. He applied this theory for estimation of some values of our Universe and received both well-known and new unknown relations. Author offers possibly valid relations between time, matter, volume, distance, and energy. The net picture derived is that in the Universe exists ONLY one substance â ENERGY. Time, matter, volume, fields are evidence of the energy and they...
Topics: Universe, Time, Matter, Volume, Distance, Energy.
10
10.0
Apr 15, 2017
04/17
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 10
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The book consists of three parts. The first part describes new method of optimization that has the advantages at greater generality and flexibility as well as the ability to solve complex problems which other methods cannot solve. This method, called the “Method of Deformation of Functional (Extreme)”, solves for a total minimum and finds a solution set near the optimum. Solutions found by this method can be exact or approximate. Most other methods solve only for a unique local...
Topics: Methods of Optimization, Universal method of optimizations, Applications of optimization, Bolonkin
13
13
Nov 19, 2016
11/16
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 13
favorite 0
comment 0
Author researches, discusses and estimates the need parameters of launch systems the mini automatic probe for flight to the nearest star systems “Alpha-Centauri” and others. He shows that problem is very difficult for current and future technology. Launch requests gigantic energy, expensive equipment and large trip time.The conventional nuclear and thermonuclear on-board reactors cannot also solve this problem (Part 1). Author offers and researches three new possible perspective...
Topics: : interstellar launch, interstellar flight, interstellar propulsion and generator systems, laser...
53
53
Jul 4, 2012
07/12
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 53
favorite 0
comment 0
Authors offer the new method for deliver the asteroid to Earth. That method is cheaper in a lot of times than a conventional method. In our method for braking apparatus and asteroid are used the kinetic energy of apparatus. This energy is used also for charging the apparatus energy storage. The small control parachute allows multiple using the Earth atmosphere for the braking the asteroid without high heating, deliver the asteroid in given point and to avoid the asteroid impact to Earth. In...
Topics: Asteroid delivery to Earth, Atmospheric reentry, Space Ships, thermal protection of asteroid and...
87
87
Dec 2, 2011
12/11
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 87
favorite 0
comment 0
Authors offer and research a new macro-engineering idea - filling tubes by electronic gases. Shown: If the insulating envelope (cover) of the tube is charged positively, the electrons within the tube are not attracted to covering. Tube (as a whole) remains a neutral (uncharged) body. The electron gas in the tube has very low density and very high conductivity, close to superconductivity. If we take the density (pressure) of electron gas as equal to atmospheric pressure, the thickness of...
Topics: AB tubes, electronic tubes, superconductivity, transmission energy
16
16
Nov 20, 2015
11/15
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 16
favorite 0
comment 0
The author considers the optimization problem named ‘the impulse regime’, when the control can have for a short time an instantaneous infinity value and the phase variables have gaps. In mathematics these mean: the variables are not continuous, not differentiable. The variable calculation and Pontryagin principle are not applicable. These problems are in space trajectories, theory of corrections, nuclear physics, economics, advertising and other real control tasks. We need a special...
Topics: Optimization, impulse solution
1
1.0
Dec 2, 2018
12/18
by
Alexander Bolonkin
texts
eye 1
favorite 0
comment 0
At the present time the USA’s Federal Government spends big tax monies for Scientific Research and Development (R&D). How to best organize this vast governmental activity, how to best estimate its ultimate utility and profitability (real and potential), how to best increase efficiency of innovation and production, how to best estimate the worth of new discoveries and innovations, how to properly fund R&D of new concepts and innovations, and how to correctly estimate their results, how...
Topics: Organizing scientific research, planning of research, funding research, funding new ideas...
